AGROFORESTRY
If no action is taken, in the future key cocoa growing regions will be no longer suitable for cocoa cultivation due to the consequences of climate change. One way to increase resilience of cocoa farming systems is a long know farming method, agroforestry. A well-established cocoa agroforestry system combines cocoa trees with different shade trees on the same land, which increases resilience against temperature changes and diseases.
Shade trees providing an optimal canopy cover help protect cocoa from heat and water stress, and support optimal growth and long-term productivity. These systems increase biodiversity and improve soil health.
Shade trees provide farmers with a diverse range of products – including staple foods, fruits, and timber – for home consumption and market sales, improving food security.As an example, Cocoa Horizons studied agroforestry systems on cocoa plantations in Cameroon. These plantations are maintained stable over a period of more than 40 years and are constantly rejuvenated, with moderate input needed and regular rejuvenation.
Agroforestry models are not static; there are several components and possibilities. Cocoa Horizons recommends a shade coverage of up to 30%, where longevity and a stable cocoa productivity can be maintained. Shade trees offered in the program can vary per region and country; however, they always include native trees and fruit trees.
Agroforestry significantly contributes to strengthening cocoa resilience to climate change while also positively impacting ecosystem services in general. It is also a carbon mitigation tool as it allows to store carbon above (stem, branches, foliage) and below (roots,litter) ground, thereby contributing to reducing the quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere. However, carbon storage is only relevant if stored over the long-term. The long-term performance of trees is critical, and that is why Cocoa Horizons is applying Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) paid to farmers over a period of 10 years, combined with a long-term monitoring strategy across the project's duration.